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Type 2 Diabetes and How to Manage It with Nutrition

diabetes type 2 treatment

In this article, it will be explained all about type 2 diabetes and how to manage it with nutrition. In-depth details about this metabolic condition that affects children and adults in modern times.

What is Diabetes?

Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterised by persistent hyperglycemia (high blood sugar levels) due to problems with insulin production or its action. The factors causing diabetes are not yet fully understood, but it is known to have a multifactorial origin, including genetic, biological, and environmental aspects.

diabetes test

Types of Diabetes:

  • Type 1A Diabetes: Characterised by autoimmune destruction of pancreatic cells, leading to reduced or, in some cases, complete cessation of insulin production.
  • Type 1B Diabetes: Characterised by insulin production deficiency without a known cause.
  • Type 2 Diabetes: Characterised by progressive loss of insulin secretion combined with insulin resistance.
  • Gestational Diabetes: Characterised by the presence of hyperglycaemia during pregnancy, without a prior diagnosis of diabetes before pregnancy.
  • Other less common types of diabetes are monogenic diabetes, and neonatal diabetes, secondary to endocrinopathies, secondary to pancreatic diseases, secondary to infections, and secondary to medications.

90 to 95% of cases are Type 2 Diabetes. In 80-90% of people with Type 2 Diabetes, obesity and metabolic risk factors such as elevated waist circumference, insulin resistance, high blood pressure, and lipid (fat) abnormalities in the blood are associated.

Since Type 2 Diabetes is the most common, let’s go deeper.

Type 2 Diabetes has a strong hereditary component but develops when there is a significant load of environmental factors, such as poor dietary habits and a sedentary lifestyle. It may not present symptoms or may present minimal symptoms for a long period of life, which can lead to rapid progression of its complications.

Therefore, it is important to be aware of risk factors and monitor through exams and medical follow-up. 

The main risk factors for the development of Type 2 Diabetes when overweight and obesity are already present include:

  • Pre-diabetes
  • Family history of diabetes (first-degree relative)
  • Women with a previous diagnosis of gestational diabetes
  • History of cardiovascular disease
  • High blood pressure
  • Low HDL cholesterol and elevated triglycerides
  • Polycystic ovary syndrome
  • Sedentary lifestyle

As mentioned, insulin resistance plays a crucial role in the development of Type 2 Diabetes. But what is insulin resistance?

Insulin resistance consists of a disturbance in insulin signalling, where normal production might occur, but the body responds subnormally to it. 

In other words, target tissues are not responding to the hormonal stimulus of insulin due to the desensitization of receptors in these target tissues. 

As a result, there is intense stimulation of pancreatic cells to produce more insulin since the tissues are not effectively recognizing the circulating insulin, leading to pancreatic overload, which can eventually result in reduced insulin production over time. Fat infiltration in cells (obesity) and inflammation are key triggers for causing insulin resistance.

It is also important to highlight that there are hormones with effects opposite to insulin, serving as the body’s normal mechanism for self-regulation, such as cortisol, adrenaline, and glucagon. However, in cases where insulin resistance is present, these hormones further intensify the increase in blood glucose levels. Therefore, it is crucial to manage the massive activation of these hormones, such as in situations of intense stress. 

Additionally, it is important to mention “skinny fat” individuals, who are metabolically obese, with increased fat tissue in the liver and muscle, inflammation in adipose tissue, reduced muscle mass, and low cardiorespiratory fitness.

Elevated fasting insulin or blood glucose levels suggest insulin resistance. The HOMA-IR test estimates insulin resistance in tissues, while the HOMA-Beta test estimates insulin production in pancreatic cells.

Do you know what the pillars of type 2 diabetes treatment are?

  • Healthy eating, both in terms of quality and quantity
  • Physical exercise
  • Self-monitoring
  • Good quality of sleeping
  • Knowledge about the disease – self-care

Diabetes treatment plan

Type 2 diabetes and how to manage it with nutrition

  1. Focus on choosing carbohydrates with a lower glycemic impact, such as whole grains and cereals. A more restrictive carbohydrate diet can be considered, tailored individually and supervised by a specialized professional.
  2. Maximum consumption of 5 to 10% of calories from sucrose is allowed, provided that an overall balanced diet is maintained.
  3. Adequate fibre intake—at least 20g of fibre for every 1000 kcal in the diet.
  4. Pay attention to Vitamin C intake since its absorption is impaired in diabetes.
  5. The best dietary pattern: Mediterranean Diet—a diet based on vegetables, seeds, low intake of red and processed meats, and rich in antioxidants and phytochemicals.
  6. If obesity is present, a calorie-deficit diet is recommended to reduce body fat, aiming to lower low-grade inflammation that worsens diabetes outcomes.
  7. Control fat intake, as an increase in intramuscular fat raises insulin resistance.

What is the glycemic load of a meal? And why is it important for diabetes treatment?

Glycemic load refers to the amount of glucose (sugar) in your blood after consuming a meal. For example, white bread has a high glycemic load, meaning it will quickly raise blood sugar levels. On the other hand, foods that take longer to digest, such as those rich in protein and fats, have a lower glycemic load.

Understanding which foods have a low glycemic load helps control blood sugar levels in patients with diabetes, which is essential for preserving pancreatic health and avoiding the complications of uncontrolled diabetes mentioned earlier.

And what about fibre? Do you know how fibre works in controlling blood sugar?

Fibre plays several roles in blood sugar control. Soluble fibres (found in oats, apples, carrots, and beans) help regulate glucose absorption by forming a gel that slows digestion. This gradual and slowed absorption of glucose prevents spikes in blood sugar levels.

Insoluble fibres (found in whole grains, nuts, and vegetables) do not dissolve in water and therefore increase stool bulk, leading to less sugar being absorbed.

Additionally, these fibres serve as food for our gut bacteria, which are known to improve insulin sensitivity and help in better diabetes management.

Moreover, fibre plays a significant role in appetite control, helping to regulate calorie intake throughout the day.

Why is the Mediterranean diet associated with the treatment of diabetes?

The Mediterranean diet, which is plant-based and includes seeds, vegetables, and nuts, is rich in fibre, low glycemic index foods, and antioxidants. This diet helps treat type 2 diabetes on multiple fronts, improving insulin sensitivity and reducing inflammation and oxidative stress, which are common in diabetes.

Is it possible to reverse type 2 diabetes?

possible to reverse diabetes

Yes, it is possible in many cases, especially when detected early and pancreatic function is still preserved. Reversing diabetes means normalizing blood sugar levels without the need for medication.

Factors that facilitate this reversal include significant weight loss with a reduction in visceral fat, lifestyle changes involving healthy eating habits (rich in vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and low in sugars and refined carbohydrates), and regular physical exercise.

However, it’s important to understand that there is no cure, so the risk of re-developing diabetes remains. This is why long-term lifestyle changes and continuous monitoring are essential.

Regarding type 1 diabetes, which is an autoimmune disease, the same chances of reversal do not apply.

How a nutritionist help you reverse type 2 diabetes?

Through consultations with a registered dietitian or nutritionist, your complete health history will be combined with your dietary history to create a personalised nutritional treatment plan that meets all your individual nutritional needs. When necessary, they also prescribe nutritional supplements to support the success of your treatment.

Our clinic of diabetes dietitian and nutritionist offers a significant advantage in supporting lifestyle changes. We understand that habit changes are challenging and require ongoing support. We provide an app that allows daily contact with your nutritionist, where you can ask questions, receive tips to overcome daily challenges, get encouragement, and have your meal plans adjusted whenever needed.

How Raquel Britzke Received The European Award in Nutrition and Diet

European Diet and Nutrition award

The European Awards is a very prestigious event in Europe. The Awards recognise people whose achievements in their professional field are an example of determination, effort and creativity. In 2022, Raquel Britzke, a distinguished dietitian, was honoured with awards in her category of Nutrition and Diet. 

Raquel was recognised for her exclusive weight loss method validated by over 16k patients in 74 countries. The method combines science with personalised care. Her method not only helps people to achieve lasting weight loss results but also transforms their health and lives. 

The event took place in Paris. She was invited to go to the 5-star hotel in the heart of Paris, the Ritz Hotel to receive the awards with all expenses paid. Unfortunately, she couldn’t be there in person for private reasons, but she shared her gratitude in this video:

Watch the short video here:

Raquel Britzke, European Award in Medicine 2022 in the Nutrition and Diet

 

‘I am very honoured to receive the award. It shows my dedication and input in my clinic and career as a dietitian.’ Raquel said. 

Raquel Britzke is incredibly honoured to receive this prestigious European award in nutrition and diet as it is a recognition of her dedication and input in her nutrition clinic and career as a dietitian. To receive this award not only demonstrates the recognition of her work in Europe but also confirms all the messages and reviews written by her patients about how Raquel’s method changed their lives. 

‘Thank you very much to all involved, and thank you for my patients who trust in our work.’, Raquel concluded.

Raquel’s journey is a great reminder of how dedication, determination and hard work can impact positively and transform lives. And I invite you to find out more about her method and join the thousands of people who benefited from Raquel Britzke’s method. 

European Awards in Medicine 21st Century, November 29th, 2022, Ritz Hotel Paris

The Complete Guide to Finding a Nutritionist Near Me

Full Guide to Finding a Nutritionist Near Me

In my 15 years in practice as a registered dietitian in the UK, I have answered many questions about how to find the best Nutritionist near me, or people are confused about the role of a nutritionist and dietitian or the difference between dietitian and nutritionist and so on. Thinking of that I decided to write here the most frequently asked questions and answer to the best of my knowledge. 

How much does a private nutritionist cost?

A private consultation with a nutritionist can vary from £90-£300. It depends on the expertise and type of service offered.

A cheaper consultation might not be as long as 1 hour, might not include a meal plan or the professional is not very experienced yet.

Some nutritionists offer a package of services, as the treatments require more than one session hence the cost can vary. The virtual consultations tend to be cheaper than in person and some consultations can last longer and include ongoing support, others not.

At Raquel Britzke Nutrition, with over 15 years of experience, we offer premium services, ensuring the best treatment with a nutritionist is received. The session lasts for one hour and includes a personalised meal plan designed by the nutritionist. It takes into account all your food preferences, dislikes, allergies, medical life history, lifestyle, family history health goals and test results. If you are looking for the best nutritionist near me, we are the clinic with the highest number of 5-star reviews on Google and we are very proud of having 95% customer satisfaction. Furthermore, we can securely say that we will help you to achieve your goals and change your behaviour towards food. Our fees include unlimited support directly with your designated nutritionist.

What is the difference between a nutritionist and a dietitian in the UK?

DIETITIAN

In the UK, a dietitian is the only nutrition title regulated by law and governed by an ethical code to ensure they work to the highest standards. The minimum degree required is a BSc in Dietetics or a related science degree with an MSc in Dietetics. Rigorous training and placements are done to get the degree qualification. They are registered with a governed body Health and Care Professions Council (HCPC).

Registered Dietitian (RD) is the only health professional that can assess, diagnose and treat nutritional conditions in individuals or the wider population. They can work both with healthy and sick people. They use the most updated and the latest research on food, nutrition and diseases to apply into practice and to translate into practical guidance for people to make informed decisions. Dietitians work for the NHS and private sector. They can work in the food industry, education, catering, research and workplace.

Dietitians can prescribe some medications and supplements. 

NUTRITIONIST

Nutritionists work in different roles. They can work with healthy people to promote health, weight management, catering, public health, health policy, education, research, food industry and food technology. They can’t assess and diagnose nutritional conditions. 

Nutritionists are qualified to promote food and healthy lifestyles. They can work in the private or public sector.

In the UK the title is not protected so anyone can call themselves a nutritionist by doing any short course or no course at all. You can get registered by the UK Voluntary Register of Nutritionists (UKVRV) but you have to have the right qualifications to do so. Nutritionists registered with the Association for Nutrition (AfN) can call themselves registered Nutritionists. There are accreditated university degree qualifications in the UK and the minimum qualification required to be a registered nutritionist is a BSc in Nutrition Sciences or a science-related degree and an MSc in Nutrition.

Nutritionists can’t prescribe medications, but they can prescribe supplements.

What is the difference between a nutritionist and a nutritional therapist?

Nutritional Therapists recommend diet and lifestyle changes to alleviate and prevent ailments, based on complementary medicine which is not recognised by conventional medicine. Some of the recommendations might include detoxification, colonic irrigation, avoidance of toxins or allergens and the use of high doses of supplements such as vitamins and minerals.

Nutritional therapists see individuals on a private basis. Their title is not protected and anyone can call themselves nutritional therapists. The qualifications vary from foundation courses or certificates but they are not recognised by universities.

They prescribe supplements and they can sell commercial supplements. 

Can you see a nutritionist on the NHS?

In the NHS is more common to see a Dietitian, however, nutritionists can work in the NHS alongside a dietitian in sectors of health promotion, or as a dietitian assistant. Nutritional therapists don’t work in the NHS as a nutritionist.

Will seeing a nutritionist be worth it?

If you are thinking about making any dietary or food changes is important to seek a health professional. A nutritionist will be able to answer your questions, guide you and implement a diet strategy for whatever nutrition reason you might need.

For example, if you want to lose weight a nutritionist will be the best professional to ensure you have the right diet for your goal with the nutrients your body needs. If you are in the transition to becoming a vegetarian, the nutritionist will help you to go through the transition without missing any essential vitamins. What’s more, if you are experiencing any gut issues and want to eliminate some foods to see if you feel better, the nutritionist will help to do it the right way.

Not only nutritionist will help you but they will also monitor your progress, respond and adjust your diet accordingly and avoid any frustrations. Because when we try things without professional help and we don’t see results, we might be frustrated and think that it didn’t work. The right approach will bring the right results, and satisfaction and empower you with good knowledge about your body and diet.

Does a nutritionist help you lose weight?

A nutritionist is the best professional to help you lose weight. They have the right qualifications, knowledge and enthusiasm. Look for a weight loss nutritionist near me to find the best nutritionist. 

Weight loss nutritionists can help you to set realistic goals, and design a personalised diet for your metabolism after pre-assessing your body composition and health history. They will calculate the necessary calories, macronutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, fats) and micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) to ensure you have the most efficient, science-based approach. The right diet and the right nutritionist will get the lasting results you want in combination with optimal health.

Nutritionist help with weight loss

Why would someone be referred to a nutritionist or dietitian?

If your doctor believes you need nutritional intervention to prevent or treat a metabolic or chronic disease, they might recommend you see a nutritionist or dietitian. Some of the conditions that can be treated with diet: are diabetes type 2, cholesterol, high blood pressure, gut issues, IBS, PCOs, fertility and so on. Make sure you follow your doctor’s recommendations and don’t make any changes to medications without their supervision. 

Is important to remember that there is a lot of misinformation about diet and nutrition and so-called diet experts. Seek a registered nutritionist or dietitian to ensure you have the right guidance and don’t put your health at risk.

If you find this information useful and want to book a consultation with a nutritionist or dietitian, click here.

Weight Watchers – Good or bad?

weight watchers

What is Weight Watchers and how does its methodology work?

Weight Watchers, known as WW, is a weight loss programme that uses a points-based approach. Each food is assigned a point value based on a systematic calculation considering its calorie, fat, fibre, and protein content. 

During the initial phase, the coaches assess the client’s goals and prescribe a specific number of points the client should consume to achieve their objectives. The client receives sample meal plans and a list of foods and recipes with their respective point values. This allows the client to plan their daily choices while staying within the prescribed point limit.

The program features a supporting app that emphasises the importance of tracking food intake to ensure adherence to the proposed point system. Support can be either in-person or virtual, depending on the chosen plan, and includes motivational groups, chats with professionals, and interaction with other program participants.

In this article, we will review and describe Weight Watchers and compare with a  consultation with a registered nutritionist.

How is the point prescription determined for each client?

  1. The client enters all relevant information into the app, including weight, height, age, sex, activity level, weight goals (targets), health history, and body composition (muscle mass and body fat percentage).
  2. Points are then calculated based on the entered information.
  3. Adjustments are made as each goal is achieved, body composition changes, and new goals are set.

What is the main difference between the program’s methodology and a consultation with a nutritionist?

Considering that the basic plans do not include consultations with a nutritionist or coach, the main difference lies in how the data is collected and calculated. Also on WW, it doesn’t require to be a registered nutritionist or dietitian to coach people for weight loss. In a nutritional consultation, the professional conducts a thorough assessment, integrating all aspects of the patient’s life with their symptoms and goals. Based on this, the nutritionist proposes a personalised dietary plan, calculating individual needs for all macronutrients and micronutrients.

A nutritionist also gathers detailed dietary history, addressing specific aspects such as food preferences, allergies or intolerances, and prescribing dietary supplements if deficiencies are identified.

How does the program manage food exceptions?

The client also receives a weekly allocation of points, which includes additional points to use throughout the week. These extra points can cover days when the client consumes more food due to deviations from their routine or events, for example.

Weight Watchers ready meals

There are WW-ready meals sold in the main UK supermarkets, which display the points in the packing. 

The ingredients are just as any cheap frozen ready-meal supermarket bought. The list of ingredients includes sugar, syrup, etc as top ingredients. Not really the best approach for sustainable weight loss or any metabolic diseases.

Weight Watchers ready meal

Weight Watchers ready meal ingredients

Is it required to log all meals?

It is not reported as mandatory to track all meals, but it is emphasized that success is strongly linked to tracking all meals. People can scan the bar code of some packed foods to add points. 

How much weight do clients typically lose?

Of course, weight loss can be influenced by many factors, such as adherence to the prescribed points, the length of time the client has been following the program, and the type of plan they chose. However, the average weight loss typically ranges from 0.5 to 1 kg per week.

What is the average cost of this program?

Costs vary depending on the type of plan chosen:

  • Virtual Plan: The average cost ranges from £10 to £20 per month. This includes access to the WW app, online nutrition materials, and digital support.
  • In-Person Plan: The cost is around £15 to £30 per month. It includes participation in motivational meetings with trained leaders, access to the app, and in-person support through workshops. At times, physical materials are also distributed.
  • Total Plan (Virtual + In-Person): Typically costs around £25 to £35 per month. It includes in-person meetings and full access to the WW app. The difference between this type and the in-person plan is that the client also has access to virtual motivational groups, additional educational materials, and more intensive personalized support.
  • Premium Plan: This may have a higher cost and includes individual consultations with nutritionists and more intensive personalized support.
  • Corporate Plan: Pricing is variable and depends on the company’s contract.

What does the WW app include?

The app allows clients to log their meals, activities, and points consumed. It also features recipes and materials with nutrition tips. Additionally, it includes forums where clients can share experiences with other program participants and receive support from professionals.

How do the workshops for in-person plans work?

They consist of weekly meetings held at physical locations to provide support and motivation for each client’s process. Typically, the meetings last between 30 to 60 minutes and are led by a trained leader, who may be a nutrition specialist or a successful former participant responsible for facilitating group discussions.

Group weigh-ins are conducted to check progress (though this can be done privately if preferred).

Each week, a specific topic is addressed to help clients incorporate it into their daily routines and achieve their goals.

These meetings generally include the distribution of educational materials and may involve group activities or dynamics.

What do clients say about the program?

There is a variety of reviews about the program. Happy clients have rated it positively for the ease of making food choices, noting that even meals from certain restaurants were calculated based on points to help clients understand how to include them in their diet. There are also positive reviews regarding the app, where clients can scan all their meals and track the points prescribed for their treatment.

However, many negative reviews are complaining about difficulties with cancelling subscriptions, challenges in accessing customer service, and the app’s slow performance, often requiring users to repeat tasks like entering their food diary. Some reviews also mention that cancellations were made but payments continued to be charged. Additionally, there are comments about the lack of motivational support once clients reach their desired weight.

Food choice

Weight Watchers review by a Dietitian

Positives:

  • Ease of Control: Clients can manage their food intake by focusing on reaching their prescribed point total, offering freedom to choose and prepare foods as desired, and distributing meals throughout the day.
  • Motivational group session for those who subscribe to the plan
  • The app that allows scan bar codes to add points

Negatives:

  • Glycemic Load: The program does not take a glycemic load into account, which is an important factor in weight loss and overall health. There are foods are counted as having zero points, potentially leading clients to over consume certain items like fruits, which, despite being low in fat and calories, can affect glycemic load when consumed in large quantities.
  • The calculation of points is based on information entered into a computer that estimates metabolism according to weight, height, age, sex, exercise level, and the client’s goal.
  • Protein Intake: The methodology does not calculate individual protein needs nor prescribe specific foods to meet these needs. This could result in protein deficiencies, which are crucial for weight loss and longevity.
  • Cost: It can be more expensive if you choose plans with individual consultations with a nutritionist.
  • Other Considerations: It overlooks the daily needs for micronutrients based on each individual’s specific requirements, and we know the impact this has on overall health and well-being.
  • Focusing solely on counting points with no food restrictions rather than learning to eat in a balanced way reduces mindful eating during food choices.

Weight Watchers vs Nutritionist consultation

Aspect Weight Watchers (WW) Nutritionist Dietitian Consultation
Personalisation
  • General, based on a points system
  • Highly personalised, tailored to individual needs
Meal Planning
  • Sample plans and flexible choices within points
  • Custom meal plans based on specific goals and needs
Nutritional Focus
  • Focus on calorie and fat reduction, no food restrictions
  • Focus on overall health, including macronutrients and micronutrients
Support
  • Group support via app, meetings, workshops
  • One-on-one support with a professional dietitian or nutritionist
Tracking
  • Emphasis on logging points via the app
  • May include food diaries and personalised feedback
Cost
  • Varies; generally more affordable
  • Generally higher, varies by dietitian
Education
  • Basic, focused on a points system, all foods allowed
  • In-depth, focused on long-term health and habits
Qualifications
  • Coaches: No nutrition or dietetics degree required; often former participants or trained leaders.
  • Dietitian/Nutritionist: Certified professionals with degrees in nutrition or dietetics, often registered or licensed.

Weight Watchers – Good or bad?

In conclusion, it is a program that provides a flexible system for food choices based on a points system, where the client needs to monitor the points they consume at each meal using an app for support. This approach directs clients towards choosing foods with lower fat and calorie content. However, there may be some gaps in addressing individualised nutritional needs, as mentioned above, since individual consultations with a nutritionist are only available in the more expensive plans. 

It should be noted that individual experiences with WW may vary and it’s always a good idea to consult with WW or a healthcare provider to receive personalised advice. 

Instead of being based on points and losing weight without learning how to sustain it for life, working with a registered dietitian or nutritionist will give you more in depth knowledge about weight loss and lifestyle changes. To find out more about a consultation with a nutritionist, click here.

What to Eat and What to Avoid in Each Menstrual Cycle Phase

Foods to eat and avoid in menstrual cycle phase

Do you know how our menstrual cycle works?

There are different phases of the menstrual cycle: the follicular phase which is before ovulation and the luteal phase which is following ovulation and preceding menstruation. 

A human menstrual cycle typically lasts 28 days, however, we know that the duration of the cycle can vary from one woman to another. 

In the follicular phase, which occurs in the first 14 days of our cycle, there is lower secretion of Luteinizing Hormone (LH) and Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH). It starts with bleeding and ends with ovulation.

In the luteal phase, which occurs in the last 14 days of our cycle, progesterone increases, and estrogen decreases. It starts with ovulation and ends with the next bleeding.

Therefore, there are 4 phases of the menstrual cycle: Menstrual phase, Follicular phase, Ovulation and Luteal phase.

What we feel in each phase of the menstrual cycle

  • Menstrual phase (day 1 to day 5): That’s the period phase. We have menstrual bleeding, cramps or abdominal pain, fatigue, and mood swings. Estrogen and progesterone levels drop in the last days of menstruation.
  1. Follicular phase (day 1 to day 13): The happy time of the month. We experience better mood, increased levels of energy and higher libido. High levels of estrogen in this phase. We feel lean and energetic!
  2. Ovulation (approximately day 14): Best time to conceive. We experience mild pelvic pain, increased libido, and a slight increase in basal temperature. Estrogen levels peak before ovulation.
  3. Luteal phase (day 15 to day 28): Pre-period time we feel tired and cravings. We normally experience breast tenderness, bloating, mood swings or irritability, fatigue, and cravings for certain types of food, related to the increase in progesterone levels.  The most common period cravings include high carbohydrate foods, and high sugary foods because we feel tired and our body associates these foods with an instant energy fuel. Be aware that they can worsen the symptoms and also make you gain weight.

How do these hormonal variations impact our eating habits?

Hormonal variations have a significant impact on women’s eating habits, as the increase in estrogen levels during the follicular phase leads to reduced appetite, while the decrease in estrogen and increase in progesterone levels during the luteal phase lead to hyperphagia (increased appetite) due to the association with reduced serotonin. This affects the appetite, mood, sleep, and energy levels. So we need to pay close attention to the luteal phase, where eating behaviour can change significantly if not well managed with nutritional strategies. This is when the well-known premenstrual syndrome (PMS) occurs. A registered nutritionist or dietitian nearby will be able to help you develop a plan to manage the diet monthly.

90% of women experience menstrual symptoms, but only 20 to 40% have premenstrual syndrome (PMS). This syndrome is characterised by emotional and behavioural symptoms such as sadness, depressive symptoms, increased sensitivity, anxiety, irritability, bloating, increased appetite or cravings for carbohydrates. 

It is well known that a Western diet, rich in refined carbohydrates and sugar, worsens premenstrual symptoms. Alcohol consumption also negatively contributes to the increase in these symptoms. So what not to eat during the period:

Sugary foods, pastries, sugary drinks, alcohol.

During the menstrual cycle, there are also significant changes in the translocation of intestinal bacteria, with a peak usually occurring towards the end of the cycle, which is associated with increased symptoms of fatigue, anxiety, bloating, and food cravings. Therefore, dietary diversity and increased fibre intake are very important for balancing intestinal bacteria.

Menstrual phase foods:

  1. Menstrual phase (day 1 to day 5):  What to eat on your period? Iron-rich foods such as lean red meat, beans, lentils, and dark leafy greens – help combat fatigue and lost iron. 
  2. Follicular phase (day 1 to day 13):  Normal days diet. Fresh fruits, colourful vegetables, whole grains, nuts and seeds – support energy and mood with plenty of fibres and vitamins. Consume seeds with an estrogenic profile such as flaxseeds and pumpkin seeds. 
  3. Ovulation (approximately day 14): Increase the chance of conception. Lean proteins such as chicken, fish, eggs, and cruciferous vegetables like broccoli, cauliflower, and cabbage – support progesterone production.
  4. Luteal phase (day 15 to day 28): Pre-period foods. Eat fish oil-rich food like salmon, and flaxseeds, and food rich in vitamin B6 such as bananas and potatoes – supports the reduction of irritability and helps regulate hormone levels. Consume seeds with a progesterone profile such as sunflower seeds and sesame seeds.

Do you know which nutrients are associated with better management of premenstrual symptoms?

The luteal phase is nearly half of the cycle and it plays an important role for women who experience strong PMS symptoms. See the tips from our London clinic of nutrition. 

  1. Omega 3: 1g of fish oil per day is known to increase the probability of better control of symptoms associated with the luteal phase, especially cramps.
  2. Zinc: Lower concentrations of zinc during the luteal phase induce neuropsychological symptoms like emotional instability, isolation, irritability, and depression.
  3. Calcium and Vitamin D: Low levels of calcium and vitamin D during the luteal phase can exacerbate PMS symptoms.
  4. Magnesium: Its deficiency is associated with more intense PMS symptoms.
  5. Vitamin B6: Important in this phase due to its relation to neurotransmitter production, it is associated with fewer psychological symptoms.
  6. Turmeric: Linked to improvements in behavioural and mood symptoms during the luteal phase.
  7. Ginger: Associated with the reduction of menstrual cramps and headaches common in the luteal phase.

Foods that help with menstrual cramps and other PMS symptoms:

Salmon or other fatty fish, dark green leafy vegetables like kale and spinach, ginger and turmeric for seasoning or beverages, nuts like almonds, seeds like flaxseeds and chia seeds, berries, dark chocolate at least 70%, bananas, whole grains like brown rice and oats, avocados and cruciferous vegetables like broccoli and cauliflower.

Do you know what other lifestyle factor accentuates hormonal changes?

Stress levels can cause changes in female hormones, making women susceptible to premenstrual syndrome. Therefore, stress management techniques are an important ally in controlling symptoms during the luteal phase. 

Breathing techniques, exercise, relaxation, massage, good night’s sleep can all help to manage stress.

Summary of important dietary considerations during the luteal phase (before your period):

  • Dietary patterns based on the Mediterranean diet, reduce animal fats and reduce common premenstrual fluid retention, while fibres can increase hormone detoxification.
  • Limiting prolonged fasting periods is important because impacting cortisol levels during this phase can affect hormones.
  • Restrict excessive sodium consumption (added salt and ultra-processed products).
  • Reduce consumption of alcoholic and sugary drinks.
  • Limit caffeine intake.
  • Increase consumption of foods rich in vitamin E, calcium, magnesium, zinc, and omega-3.
  • Prefer complex carbohydrates, which are high in fibre and cause lower insulin spikes.
  • Include legumes or nuts at least once a day, as they are rich in the amino acid tryptophan, necessary for producing serotonin and melatonin, aiding in emotional and sleep improvement during the luteal phase.
  • Chromium picolinate is also associated with improved serotonin levels during this phase, enhancing mood and reducing the hyperphagia characteristic of the luteal phase.
  • Include foods rich in phyto melatonin, such as kiwi, cherries, oats, and nuts.
  • Regular physical exercise.
  • Stress management techniques such as breathing exercises, meditation, and acupuncture.

Now that you have learned more about each phase of the menstrual cycle and how to manage better with food and lifestyle, you can pay attention every month and associate your cravings and emotions with your cycle.

If you need help to have a table with a healthy diet for your cycle or you want to learn more about how to control cravings, speak to one of our registered dietitians or nutritionists by booking a consultation in our London clinic of nutrition in person or virtually.

How a FODMAP Dietitian Can Help You with IBS Treatment?

Fodmap dietitian IBS Treatment

If you suffer from Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) or experience digestive issues, you know the inconvenience, distress and discomfort that it can bring to your daily life. IBS is the most common disorder of the digestive system, with up to one-third of the UK population experiencing symptoms. Furthermore, for many, food is the main cause of these symptoms, so knowing what foods are causing digestive issues and understanding how to manage them is essential to a better quality of life. 

 

Here in our clinic, we take very good care of our patients with IBS. Our approach is unique and tailored for each case individually. With over 15 years of practice, we dedicate ourselves to providing the best dietetic practice available to our knowledge. 

 

Diet for an IBS patient is the most complex diet to design, the dietitians work hard taking into account individual food preferences, and health history, they eliminate all the FODMAPs and the most effective part is that in our clinic we suggest that all our patients take the food intolerance test. As a fodmap dietitian is a specialist in the digestive system and IBS, they can design and implement an effective diet plan to manage IBS and other digestive problems. The dietary treatment is very personalised and complete.

 

In practicality, what you will receive is an easy-to-follow diet, unlimited nutrition support to monitor symptoms and progress, and IBS dietitian expert care to ensure your diet is balanced with all the vitamins and minerals you need. 

Let’s understand a bit more about IBS…

What is IBS and what are the main symptoms?

IBS is a long-life condition in the digestive system, although the symptoms can vary throughout life. 

Some of the main symptoms that people with IBS report are:

  • Stomach pain and cramps
  • Diarrhea that is ongoing or awakens you from sleep
  • Anaemia related to low iron
  • Diarrhoea
  • Bloating
  • Constipation
  • Weight loss
  • Rectal bleeding
  • Fever
  • Nausea or recurrent vomiting

What triggers the symptoms also varies from person to person, but IBS symptoms are triggered by a combination of factors like food, stress, lack of exercise and some medications.

When should I seek help from an IBS dietitian (FODMAP)?

Some people experience very mild symptoms, but most people with IBS suffer daily and this can distress their daily lives. So if you are having your daily life affected by gastro symptoms that cause distress, you should book a consultation with an IBS dietitian or nutritionist because they will be able to help you manage these symptoms and carry on your daily routine normally.

And what about food intolerances and IBS?

The food intolerance test in our opinion is essential for the IBS treatment.

It is very common to see food intolerance test results of a person with IBS with many intolerances. That is why in our clinic we not only treat IBS with a Low FODMAP diet but also suggest taking the test. The treatment is much more efficient and the patient will feel the relief much quicker.

So let’s explore the most popular and effective approach to treat IBS, the Low FodMap diet.

What is the Low FodMap diet?

The term was first made popular in the earlies 2000s, in Australia when Dr Peter Gibson and Dr Sue Shepherd created the FODMAP diet in Australia, an elimination diet which attempts to improve symptoms in functional gastrointestinal disorders. FODMAPs is an abbreviation for Fermentable Oligosaccharides, Disaccharides, Monosaccharides and Polyols, they are short-chain carbohydrates and sugar alcohols that are not absorbed properly in the small intestine causing the most common symptoms of IBS including bloating, gas, abdominal pain, and constipation. The low FODMAP diet has gained popularity for its effectiveness. Put simply, you remove these FODMAP foods temporarily or reduce the quantity and frequency for some time. Is valid to point out that the elimination diet should be supervised by a dietitian or nutritionist.

Foods that contain FODMAPs:

Excess Fructose: Honey, Apples, Mango, Pear, Watermelon, High Fructose Corn Syrup

Fructans: Artichokes (Globe), Artichokes(Jerusalem), Garlic (in large amounts), Leek, Onion (brown, white, Spanish, onion powder), Spring Onion (white part), Shallots, Wheat (in large amounts), Rye (in large amounts), Barley (in large amounts), Inulin, Fructo-oligosaccharides.

Lactose: Milk, ice cream, custard, dairy desserts, condensed and evaporated milk, milk powder, yoghurt, soft unripened cheeses (eg. ricotta, cottage, cream, mascarpone).

Galacto-Oligosaccharides (GOS): Legume beans (eg. baked beans, kidney beans, bortolotti beans), Lentils, Chickpeas

Polyols: Apples, Apricots, Nectarines, Pears, Plums, Prunes, Mushrooms, sorbitol (420), mannitol (421), xylitol (967), maltitol (965) and isomalt (953).

How does a Low FODMAP work?

The low FODMAP has two phases. They are the elimination phase and the re-introduction phase. They are the elimination phase and the re-introduction phase. It is recommended that you consult a dietitian with experience in both phases.

It is important to remember that although the phases are described below, dietetic treatment is very personalised and varies from person to person depending on factors like symptoms, lifestyle, and medical history. 

In summary, what you should expect:

Initial assessment: typically the dietitian will ask questions about the symptoms, lifestyle and food intake. If necessary they will request a blood test and a food intolerance test. It’s very common to not absorb well nutrients if you suffer from digestive issues and consequently have nutrition deficiencies. 

Elimination diet: They will then design a personalised elimination diet. A diet with low FODMAP foods that are appropriate for your metabolism and symptoms, taking into consideration the types of food you like, portion size, and timings to eat. This phase lasts for 4-6 weeks. This phase is crucial to understanding the foods that trigger IBS symptoms to manage in long-term life.

Monitoring and support: It is essential to be guided by a FODMAP dietitian who can support and answer any questions you might have during the elimination phase. Some adjustments to the diet and monitoring of symptoms might be necessary. Remember, eliminating and not substituting with the right food can lead to nutrition deficiency. 

Re-introduction diet: This is a very important phase and is very individual. In this phase, the dietitian will re-introduce gradually the FODMAP food and the individual can pinpoint which foods trigger the symptoms and which foods its best tolerated. The re-introduction phase will normally be structured per FODMAP group every 3-7 days.

Please note that the Low Fodmap diet is not a NO Fodmap diet. Eliminating all the foods is not desirable and not recommended. Speak to a specialist nutritionist or dietitian near you to have professional guidance. 

Managing IBS or digestive issues can be a complex and structured process. However, if you hire a FODMAPs dietitian to guide you with her expertise, it will be a life change because the benefits of knowing the foods that trigger the symptoms and having the knowledge to manage it well are priceless. Be more confident, more energised, symptom-free and improve quality of life in general.

If you are looking for an IBS dietitian for a low FODMAP diet and food intolerance test to help you manage IBS symptoms, we can help you!

Prenatal Nutritionist: How Nutrition Can Impact Your Pregnancy

Prenatal Nutritionist for a Healthier Pregnancy

Prenatal nutrition is essential to ensure the health of the mum and the baby. This phase in life is extremely important to achieve optimal health and nutrition to prevent any complications during pregnancy and labour, to avoid excessive weight gain and nutritional deficiencies or foetus development problems. During pregnancy the woman’s body goes through massive changes, starting by creating a whole new organ the placenta. 

Placenta as an Important Organ in Pregnancy and Its Functions

The placenta, an organ that establishes communication between the pregnant woman and the fetus, begins developing one week after fertilisation and is fully formed around 18 to 20 weeks.

The main hormones it secretes are estrogen, progesterone, HCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin), and HPL (Human Placental Lactogen).

Let’s explore the main hormones produced by the placenta during pregnancy:

HCG: Similar in characteristics to FSH and LH, it is detectable by 8 weeks of pregnancy and decreases abruptly by 12 weeks. It is crucial in early pregnancy to ensure its progression when the body does not yet produce much estrogen and progesterone. This hormone often causes nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy. It stimulates testosterone production, important for fetal sexual differentiation. HCG is also involved in increasing thyroid hormone secretion by about 50%, making it important to monitor thyroid health in pregnant women, as T4 and T3 are essential for the baby’s brain development.

Progesterone: Ensures the proper implantation of the embryo. It can increase up to 10 times. It promotes relaxation, preventing uterine contractions that could lead to miscarriage. However, a secondary effect is the slowing of intestinal transit, which can result in constipation in pregnant women. Progesterone is responsible for fatigue and excessive daytime sleepiness in pregnant women, as well as a more depressive mood.

Estrogen: Ensures breast growth for breastfeeding, blood vessel dilation, and the elasticity of the uterine wall. It can lead to symptoms of headaches and hot flashes.

Insulin: Pregnancy is a diabetogenic condition due to the presence of hormones antagonistic to insulin action, such as HPL, progesterone, and prolactin.

Human Placental Lactogen: Mainly responsible for the natural insulin resistance in pregnant women by causing lipolysis to increase circulating fatty acids as an energy source for the fetus.

Prolactin: Stimulates mammary glands for milk production, starting to act after the second trimester of pregnancy, but release only occurs after childbirth. It may be related to symptoms of reduced libido and vaginal dryness in pregnant women, but these gradually normalize after delivery.

All the hormonal changes must be supported by an adequate diet which should be based on natural foods. A prenatal natal nutritionist or a registered dietitian specialises in helping you to meet the nutrient requirements necessary to ensure hormone balance and no unwanted weight gain will happen. Because of the changes in hormones managing weight and dietary intake is the key to avoiding any complications for the mum and the baby.

Why is it Important to Manage Weight during pregnancy?

Excessive weight gain or a diet too rich in sugar can cause gestational diabetes, which is a condition that causes complications such as preeclampsia, premature birth, and a higher likelihood of developing type 2 diabetes later in life for the mother. For the baby, it can result in excessive birth weight, respiratory issues, and a higher risk of obesity and diabetes in the future.

On the other hand, adequate weight gain positively impacts fetal development and is associated with a lower risk of future metabolic diseases in the baby.

Healthy weight gain depends on the nutritional status of the pregnant woman at the time of pregnancy discovery:

For pregnant women who began pregnancy malnourished, the expected weight gain is between 12.5 and 18 kg.

For pregnant women who began pregnancy with a normal nutritional status, the expected weight gain is between 11.5 and 16 kg.

For pregnant women who began pregnancy overweight, the expected weight gain is between 7 and 11.5 kg.

For pregnant women who began pregnancy as obese, the expected weight gain is between 5 and 9 kg.

It is important to note that not all the weight gained is fat. The baby can weigh up to 4 kg, the uterus up to 1.8 kg, the placenta up to 1.5 kg, the amniotic fluid up to 1.5 kg, the breasts up to 0.9 kg, the increase in blood circulation up to 1.8 kg, and the increase in adipose tissue up to 4.5 kg.

Strategies for Healthy Weight During Pregnancy:

  1. Drink plenty of water, as it improves intestinal function and hydrates the body. However, avoid liquids with meals.
  2. Follow the scheduled meal times, dividing your meals according to the registered dietitian’s guidance.
  3. Do not skip meals. Avoid prolonged fasting.
  4. Maintain a varied diet with a variety of fruits, vegetables, and legumes.
  5. Always prefer natural and whole foods, as they are sources of vitamins, minerals, and fibre.
  6. Choose lean meats whenever possible; avoid visible fat and remove poultry skin.
  7. Use minimal oil, fats, salt, and sugar in culinary preparations.
  8. Use extra virgin olive oil for dressing salads…
  9. Engage in physical activity approved by a physician

Is it common to have an increased craving for sweets?

Yes, this is justified by the natural insulin resistance of pregnancy. If associated with an unbalanced diet rich in simple carbohydrates, physical inactivity, increased stress load, poor sleep quality, and food hypersensitivities, it can result in gestational diabetes.

Are there strategies to reduce the craving for sweets?

The answer is yes, and it takes time to adapt our palate to less sugar intake. My suggestion is to gradually reduce consumption, starting by decreasing the volume each week.

  1. Prefer whole foods, for example, choose brown rice over white, whole grain bread rich in seeds, and increase fibre intake by adding more vegetables to every meal.
  2. Always combine carbohydrate sources with healthy fats and protein, as this helps slow down digestion, preventing insulin spikes that occur after rapid digestion and subsequent absorption.
  3. Use dark chocolate to your advantage, but of course, control the portion size.
  4. Foods rich in magnesium, zinc, and chromium help reduce sweet cravings. For example, include avocados, walnuts, almonds, cocoa powder, chickpeas, legumes, and seeds in your routine.
  5. Engage in activities to reduce stress, such as meditation, listening to music, reading a favourite book, watching a relaxing movie, doing yoga, or any enjoyable physical exercise.
  6. Take care of your gut health by consuming adequate amounts of water and fibre, exercising regularly, and identifying any food intolerances or allergies that compromise gut health.
  7. Ensure good sleep quality, as poor sleep affects the hormone melatonin, which works in a hormonal cascade with other hormones. This imbalance can exacerbate the insulin resistance that is already part of pregnancy.
  8. Avoid using sweeteners; stimulate your sour and bitter taste whenever possible, as sweet tastes activate carbohydrate receptors, worsening insulin resistance.
  9. Avoid food restrictions, as nutrient deficiencies can exacerbate insulin resistance.

Is it important to properly sanitize raw vegetables and fruits?

Yes, because pregnancy is a condition where the immune system is reduced, so we must avoid exposure to pathogenic microorganisms to prevent infection risks. Whenever possible, prefer organic foods, as even with proper sanitization, some pesticides cannot be removed, and these pesticides alter nutrient absorption. Always choose seasonal, fresh, not overly ripe foods to reduce contamination with yeasts and fungi.

Which foods should be avoided?

Large fish due to high risk of contamination with heavy metals (tuna, swordfish, black cod, sea bass, mackerel, lobster).

Raw fish, as they may contain pathogenic microorganisms.

Raw meats.

Unpasteurized milk and cheeses.

What should a pregnant woman’s plate look like?

In summary, is vital to take care of nutrition and diet during the most important phase of life. Ensuring the mum and baby have the right nutrition plan and support by a registered dietitian is the key to optimal health and fewer chances of complicated gestation and labour. Book your consultation with one of our registered dietitians in London and have a personalised nutrition plan to take home and enjoy a healthy pregnancy! Find out more here.

Step-by-step guide on how to use Kefir

kefir for weight loss

What is Kefir?

Kefir is a colony of lactobacilli (bacteria) and yeasts. It is a probiotic food that helps to “populate” the intestine with good bacteria. This probiotic can be made with water or with milk. Our gut contains billions of both good and bad bacteria. A larger amount of good bacteria favours your intestinal health because they overpower the bad bacteria. As a nutritionist, I drink and recommend kefir for gut health. Let’s explore the benefits and how to use it.

Benefits of kefir

– Enhances immunity and prevents infections
– Improves nutrient absorption
– Aids in the production of B-complex vitamins
– Aids in weight loss by improving gut microbiota
– Acts in the prevention and treatment of cancer as it can prevent the formation of an environment conducive to its onset
– Helps to reduce levels of bad cholesterol and increases HDL, potentially preventing cardiovascular diseases
– Can improve blood glucose levels
– Eliminates toxins and impurities from the body and improves hepatic detoxification

Besides kefir, for better intestinal health you need: water + fibre + good diet + good intestinal microbiota (probiotics) + prebiotics (food for the good bacteria, mainly fibres found in fruits and vegetables in general, specifically in green bananas, chicory root, yacon potatoes, legumes, beetroot) + physical activity!

 

Which is better, water or milk kefir?

Milk kefir has more different types of bacteria than water, with milk kefir having 35 different strains and water having approximately 15 strains.

Can you make kefir with coconut milk?

Cow’s milk kefir feeds on lactose, and coconut milk does not contain lactose, so it will not be able to ferment as well.

How to obtain kefir to make at home?

Through donations or commercially in natural product stores and supermarkets.

Can it be frozen?

Milk kefir can be frozen, just the grains alone or with milk; when defrosted, it takes a while to ferment because it enters a dormant state.

Water kefir should avoid being frozen but can be kept in the refrigerator so that it does not multiply too much.

How to prepare milk and water kefir?

Milk 
1. Take a glass container.
2. Place the Kefir grains in this container.
3. Add milk.
4. Allow to ferment at room temperature for at least 24 to 72 hours.
5. Filter the byproduct metabolised by the grains.
6. Reserve the grains again in the glass and restart the process.

Water 
1. Take a glass container.
2. Place the Kefir grains in this container.
3. Add filtered water and brown sugar.
4. It is recommended to use 2 tablespoons of brown sugar for every 500 ml of filtered water.
5. Filter the byproduct metabolised by the grains.
6. Reserve the grains again in the glass and restart the process.

Adding kefir to your diet has many benefits. There are commercial brands that produce them and they can be bought in the supermarket. Prefer plain products with no artificial flavours added as they are natural and without any artificial sweeteners or preservatives. You can add fresh fruit and seeds to make your bought or homemade kefir more delicious and full of flavours. Include this natural probiotic in your diet and experience the benefits for your gut and immunity.

For more nutrition tips and recipes from nutritionists in London, read more in our blog.

Nutrition During Menopause: Which Foods Help with Symptoms?

Menopause nutritionist

Menopause is a natural transition that comes when the menstrual cycle ends. This is marked after 12 months without a period. It can take several years for women to be in menopause. During this transition, called perimenopause, women already start to feel side effects and symptoms. The common age for menopause is 45-55 years old. 

During menopause, some quite common symptoms in women can be experienced due to the drop in the hormone estradiol, known as the “female” hormone. The most frequent symptoms are hot flashes, difficulty sleeping or insomnia, irritability, anxiety with or without depression, dryness of mucous membranes, hair loss, increased cholesterol, increased cellulite, difficulty losing weight, increased appetite and consequently weight gain, especially in the abdominal region.

While menopause is linked to many uncomfortable symptoms and increased risks of diseases, there are some foods you can eat for menopause treatment. Find a nutritionist for menopause near you to tailor a personalised plan and discover the benefits.

Some simple changes in habits and diet can greatly help in controlling the symptoms, for example:

  • To help control hot flashes, avoid excessive consumption of chillies, ginger, and coffee. Include tea made from white mulberry leaves three times a day, and consume foods derived from fermented soy such as tofu and tempeh, cassava/yam, and parsley root.
  • To control anxiety and irritability, invest in tea made from passionflower leaves, chamomile flowers, and lemon balm. Include 30g of 70% dark chocolate per day, as this can further alleviate symptoms of anxiety and reduce cravings for sweets.
  • To assist in weight control and maintenance and to prevent high blood pressure and cholesterol, engage in physical activities such as weight training, walking, running, and swimming. Avoid consuming alcoholic beverages and high-calorie, low-nutrient foods such as processed, ultra-processed, sugary, and fatty dairy products.
  • To avoid weight gain, focus on consuming raw vegetables both at lunch and dinner. Avoid high-calorie, low-nutrient snacks rich in flour, such as bread, cakes, and biscuits. Opt for fresh fruits and a small portion of nuts, almonds, walnuts, or coconut chips.
  • To help reduce cellulite, drink plenty of water throughout the day and ensure an adequate protein intake during meals. To do this, consume protein-rich foods such as eggs, fish, chicken, pork, seafood, and red meat in moderation, while also reducing sugar intake. Another important tip is to include collagen in your daily routine if possible.
  • A low-carb diet, with a reduction but not total exclusion of carbohydrates, can be one of the best nutritional strategies to improve menopause symptoms and aid weight loss during a phase when a woman’s metabolism is generally slower. However, individual evaluation and follow-up are essential to prescribe and calculate a suitable diet according to each woman’s current metabolism. Excessive restriction or exclusion of foods from the diet without professional supervision can contribute to worsening post-menopausal symptoms.

In summary, menopause is a natural part of every woman’s life and the symptoms can affect greatly their everyday life. However, some foods can help to manage the symptoms better. Seek help from a hormone nutritionist or menopause nutritionist nearby and experience the best benefits that a personalised diet for menopause can bring.

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